Racism in Healthcare References and Readings

Racism in Healthcare and What OTs Can Do

OTAC, Presented on Saturday, October 10, 2020

Presented by Sheela Ivlev, MS, OTR/L

References and Readings

11 Terms You Should Know to Better Understand Structural Racism. (2020, June 16). Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/structural-racism-definition

2018 Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education Standards and Interpretive Guide (effective July 31, 2020). (2018). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72(Supplement_2). doi:10.5014/ajot.2018.72s217

AOTA Academic Programs Annual Data Report: Academic Year 2017-2018. (n.d.). Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.aota.org/~/media/Corporate/Files/EducationCareers/Educators/2017-2018-Annual-Data-Report.pdf

AOTA Statement on Justice and Systemic Racism. (2020, May 31). Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.aota.org/Publications-News/AOTANews/2020/AOTA-Statement-On-Systemic-Racism.aspx

Beagan, B. L., & Etowa, J. (2009). The Impact of Everyday Racism on the Occupations of African Canadian Women. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 76(4), 285-293. doi:10.1177/000841740907600407

Black, R. M. (2002). Occupational Therapy's Dance With Diversity. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 56(2), 140-148. doi:10.5014/ajot.56.2.140

Bor, J., Venkataramani, A. S., Williams, D. R., & Tsai, A. C. (2018). Police killings and their spillover effects on the mental health of black Americans: A population-based, quasi-experimental study. The Lancet, 392(10144), 302-310. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31130-9

Brandt, A. M. (1978). Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. The Hastings Center Report, 8(6), 21. doi:10.2307/3561468

Carratala, S., & Maxwell, C. (2020). Health Disparities by Race and Ethnicity. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/race/reports/2020/05/07/484742/health-disparities-race-ethnicity

Data USA: Occupational therapists. (n.d). Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://datausa.io/profile/soc/occupational-therapists

Discrimination in America: Experiences and Views. (2020, August 31). Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.rwjf.org/en/library/research/2017/10/discrimination-in-america--experiences-and-views.html

Draft Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics and Ethics Standards (2020) Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.aota.org/~/media/Corporate/Files/Practice/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-Draft.pdf

Grenier, M.L. (2020). Cultural competency and the reproduction of White supremacy in occupational therapy education. Health Education Journal, 79(6), 633-644. doi:10.1177/0017896920902515

Grullon, E., Hunnicutt, C., Morrison, M., Langford, O., & Whaley, M. M. (2018). A Need for Occupational Justice: The Impact of Racial Microaggression on Occupations, Wellness, and Health Promotion. OCCUPATION: A Medium of Inquiry for Students, Faculty & Other Practitioners Advocating for Health through Occupational Studies: 3(1), Article 4. Available at https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occupation/vol3/iss1/4

Ivlev, S. (2020, June 18). Racism in Healthcare and What We Can Do About It. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://medium.com/beingwell/racism-in-healthcare-and-what-we-can-do-about-it-8f213c48316c

Kronenberg, F., & Pollard, N. (2006). Political Dimensions of Occupation and the Roles of Occupational Therapy. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 60(6), 617-626. doi:10.5014/ajot.60.6.617

Lavalley, R. & Johnson, K. R. (2020). Occupation, injustice, and anti-Black racism in the United States of America, Journal of Occupational Science, DOI: 10.1080/14427591.2020.1810111 Retrieved September 21, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2020.1810111

Lawrence, K. & Keleher, T. (2004). Chronic Disparity: Strong and Pervasive Evidence of Racial Inequalities. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.racialequitytools.org

Mitchell, P. W. (2018). The fault in his seeds: Lost notes to the case of bias in Samuel George Morton’s cranial race science. PLOS Biology, 16(10). doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2007008

Nardone, A., Casey, J. A., Morello-Frosch, R., Mujahid, M., Balmes, J. R., & Thakur, N. (2020). Associations between historical residential redlining and current age-adjusted rates of emergency department visits due to asthma across eight cities in California: An ecological study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 4(1). doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(19)30241-4

Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process—Fourth Edition. (2020). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(Supplement_2). doi:10.5014/ajot.2020.74s2001

Paradies, Y., Ben, J., Denson, N., Elias, A., Priest, N., Pieterse, A., . . . Gee, G. (2015). Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Plos One, 10(9). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138511

Sakellariou, D., & Pollard, N. (2017). Occupational therapies without borders: Integrating justice with practice. Edinburgh: Elsevier.

Schreer, G. E., Smith, S., & Thomas, K. (2009). “Shopping While Black”: Examining Racial Discrimination in a Retail Setting. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39(6), 1432-1444. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00489.x

Skewes, M. C., & Blume, A. W. (2019). Understanding the link between racial trauma and substance use among American Indians. American Psychologist, 74(1), 88-100. doi:10.1037/amp0000331

Smedley, B. D., Stith, A. Y., & Nelson, A. R. (2003). Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK220358/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK220358.pdf

Steed, R. (2014). The Effects of an Instructional Intervention on Racial Attitude Formation in Occupational Therapy Students. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 25(4), 403-409. doi:10.1177/1043659614523471

Stern, A. M. (2016). Eugenics, sterilization, and historical memory in the United States. História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos, 23(Suppl 1), 195-212. doi:10.1590/s0104-59702016000500011

Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. M., Nadal, K. L., & Esquilin, M. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice. American Psychologist, 62(4), 271-286. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.4.271

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: California. (2019). Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/CA

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: United States. (2019). Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219

West, K., & Eaton, A. A. (2019). Prejudiced and unaware of it: Evidence for the Dunning-Kruger model in the domains of racism and sexism. Personality and Individual Differences, 146, 111-119. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.03.047

WFOT Statement on Systemic Racism. (2020, June 19). Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://wfot.org/wfot-statement-on-systemic-racism

Yearby, R., Lewis, C. N., Gilbert, K., & Banks, K. (2020, September). RACISM IS A PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS. Here's How to Respond. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://pressley.house.gov/sites/pressley.house.gov/files/20.09_Racism-is-a-Public-Health-Crisis.pdf

Podcasts

o 1619 from NYT (400 Years of history in 6 episodes):

• https://www.nytimes.com/column/1619-project

o The Healthcare Policy Podcast, Professor Ruqaiijah Yearby Discusses Structural Racism in Health Care

• https://www.thehealthcarepolicypodcast.com/2020/07/index.html

o Show Me the Science, Racism as a public health issue

• https://medicine.wustl.edu/news/podcast-racism-as-a-public-health-issue/

o Beyond the White Coat, Racial Health Disparities: How COVID-19 Magnified a Public Health Emergency

• https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/podcast-racial-health-disparities-how-covid-19-magnified-public-health-emergency

o Tell Me More, Fixing Institutional Racism in Health Care

• https://now.tufts.edu/articles/tell-me-more-fixing-institutional-racism-health-care

Videos